Authors: Starr, Thomas B., and James A. Swenberg.
Updated a previously proposed method (Starr and Swenberg 2013). This approach has useful applications for substances, like formaldehyde, where there is a substantial endogenous exposure in potential target tissues and little or no empirical evidence of a positive dose-response at low exogenous exposure levels. It also provides valid bounding estimates of added risk from exposure to all airborne formaldehyde concentrations up to and including 2 ppm.