Global production of plastics has grown 20 fold from 15 million metric tons (Mt) in 1964 to 311 Mt in 2014 (Plastics Europe, 2015), with plastics becoming ubiquitous across almost all facets of the economy. With its ever-expanding applications, plastics have delivered many benefits for society. Plastic packaged food lasts longer, reducing wastage. Use of plastic in pipes facilitates clean drinking water supplies, while plastic enables life-saving medical devices such as surgical equipment and drips. Due to its light weight, plastic use in vehicles has reduced carbon dioxide emissions from transport (Andrady & Neal, 2009).
Plastics and Sustainability: A Valuation of Environmental Benefits, Costs and Opportunities for Continuous Improvement 
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