Studies published by General Motors in 2021 raised concerns related to the use of gasoline deposit control additives (DCA) in direct-injection gasoline engines. Testing was conducted for four levels of additive treat rates. The parameters of interest were particulate emissions and Stochastic Pre-Ignition (SPI). Increases in particulates were observed at both the lowest and highest deposit control additive treat rates evaluated, and SPI events increased for some high additive treat rates.
This paper reviews other contemporary research to help understand the impact of gasoline deposit control additives on particulate matter (PM) emissions or performance concerns in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and help address concerns about higher additive treat rates.